Arundeep Kaur is the Chief of the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology at the Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India for the last 25 years. She did her Post Graduation in Periodontics from PGDC, Amritsar. She was a recipient of 16 medals in different subjects. She is an Eminent Speaker in many national and international forums. She has 65 scientific publications to her credit.

Introduction: Microorganisms have been identified as the main culprits of oro-dental diseases. With the advent of photodynamic therapy, a new minimally invasive and precise approach towards disinfection has been developed. Photodynamic therapy means light induced athermal inactivation of cells and microorganisms. The principle of photodynamic therapy is that, by using a photosensitizer,the microorganisms are first stained, then sensitized and destroyed after irradiation with light of suitable wavelength and energy density.

 

Case Series: In this case series, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was used for periodontal pocket therapy, root canal disinfection,treatment of alveolar osteitis, management of peri-implantitis and disinfection after caries excavation in pediatric patients. In all conditions, it was found to be effective in eradicating pathogenic bacteria and controlling inflammation.

 

Conclusion: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy successfully stops inflammation without antibiotics, without surgical intervention and without any adverse effects with maximum therapeutic benefits in different oro-dental infections. Future directions should conduct researches involving new photosensitive compounds seeking improved photophysical and photochemical properties to maximize the photodynamic action in the biological environment.

Shruti Tandon completed her Master’s degree in Periodontics from University of Mumbai and has since been working as a Faculty in the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, the prime dental school of India. She has many research publications to her credit and has presented her clinical work at many national and international conferences.

Introduction: The anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) field block was discovered during the development of computercontrolled local anaesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system. It is known to anaesthetize ipsi-lateral palatal and buccal, hard and soft tissues, with a single injection and can be administered with ease using CCLAD system. This study was conducted to determine the

extent of maxillary anaesthesia achieved with AMSA field block given with CCLAD system during periodontal surgery.

 

Materials & Methods: 44 subjects indicated for periodontal flap surgery of either of the maxillary quadrants were enrolled for the study. Anaesthesia was provided with a single AMSA injection with a CCLAD system. Subjective and objective signs of local anaesthesia were assessed 15 minutes after the injection. Extent of anaesthesia was observed for palatal and buccal, hard and soft tissues both before and after the periodontal surgery.

 

Results: The results revealed that the palatal hard and soft tissues were significantly highly anesthetised (p=0.001) as compared to the buccal hard and soft tissues. Anterior to the first molar, palatal anaesthesia was significantly more as compared to posterior to the first molar in both hard (p=0.001) and soft tissues (p=0.04).

 

Conclusion: The AMSA field block is highly effective in anaesthetizing the ipsi-lateral palatal hard and soft tissues. A single injection is sufficient to numb the palatal tissues, anterior to first molar, to carry out periodontal surgery, in the maxilla.

Mudher Ali is General Secretary and Board member of the Iraqi Dental Association. He is the Councilor at the IAOR (Iraqi Association of Oral Research) whichbelongs to the International Association for Dental Research (IADR). He is the Head of the Department of Prosthodontics at the Iraqi University. He was selected as one of the best ten personal fair and honest personalities among the Iraqi community in 2013-2014 which is organized by TEDX (in Iraq).

Cosmetic dentistry is considered as one of the priorities that people need all around the world in a high percentage. According to that, cosmetic dentistry is considered the subject of today. Based on this fact, the term cosmetic dentistry has become vernacular across the globe. Most of the patients nowadays are looking for cosmetic corrections. They may ask to rehabilitate their smile so that they can get the most beautiful smile according to their convenience. The reason behind this patient demand may have great effect on the psychological behavior of the patient. The variation of this demand depends on the severity of the appearing beauty of the smile line of the patient. Many of these patients may become shy; others may become aggressive with psychological trauma. Also

some of these patients may isolate themselves from the community so, they may not share any social activities and the end result is inferior complexity. So the clinician here is playing the role of a dentist and a psychiatrist at the same time. Hence, the dentist or the specialist who is working in the field of cosmetic dentistry may change the whole life of the patient. In other words, you are

rehabilitating the life of your patient. The difficulties in cosmetic correction may vary from one case to another depending on many factors. The most important target of all these cases is bad looking smile line which affects the personality behavior. These factors may include 1. The severity in complicated cases, like severe crowding, which may need huge space availability, 2. Difficulties to treat cases like gum smile profile patient, 3. Difficulties to treat patients lacking the required inter occlusal space relationship, 4.Difficulty to treat patients having big diastema spaces, 5. Difficulties to treat canine cases out of occlusion which might be situated labially, 6. Difficulty to treat patients with severe bone loss in the anterior region, 7. Difficulty to treat patients with inconvenience in the level of gingival margin, 8. Difficulties to treat patients with shifted midline that is clearly visualized and diagnosed, and 9.Difficulty to treat patients having traumatic accidents that require immediate solution to improve the aesthetic profile. This article discusses these difficulties by displaying some clinical case reports of many patients suffering from bad smile line. Most of these patients have psychological trauma and they were looking for immediate solution. Meanwhile, they were looking for a dentist with deep emotion that he has a spiritual behavior towards them. This is considered part of the keys for successful end results. The final conclusion of this article is how to make your patients live happy and practice their life normally keeping in the mind that money is not everything in our faded life.

Nazli Yesilyurt Aydin has completed her license in 2013 from Marmara University, College of Dentistry. She is currently enrolled in a Specialty Program in Department of Prosthetic Dentistry at Cukurova University.

Using computer aided methods, a final object can be manufactured either by milling from a block or additive manufacturing which allows standard object production with low cost and decreased manufacturing time. The aim of the study was to compare the internal and marginal fit of crowns fabricated using conventional casting, laser sintering and soft-metal milling. A first maxillary

molar die made of metal was fabricated. Metal substructures with standardized sizes were manufactured using conventional casting,laser sintering and soft-metal milling (N=15/group). Internal-fit and marginal-fit of metal substructures were evaluated. The metal substructures were seated on the metal die using light body silicone material. Excess silicone was cleaned. Following the setting,

crowns were removed and silicone was weighed to evaluate the 3D internal cement gap. Same specimens were used for marginal gap measurements under a light microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test (α=.05). A statistically significant difference was observed for both internal and marginal fit among compared groups (p<0.05). The highest mean silicone weight (standard error) was observed in casting group (36.8±1.9 mg) followed by laser sintering (26.6±1.5mg) and soft-metal milling (20.7±1.4 mg) groups. The lowest mean marginal gap (standard error) was observed in laser sintering group (4.2±1.2 μm) followed by casting (8.7±1.2 μm) and soft-metal milling (22.3±1.2 μm) groups. Although statistically significant differences were observed among all compared groups, a clinically significant difference can’t be mentioned.

Fungal infections have become major causes of morbidity and mortality among immuno-compromised patients. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection caused the opportunistic pathogen named Candida albicans. Conventional available treatments for oral candidiasis include topical antifungal azoles such as Miconazole, Amphotericin B and Nystatin. Miconazole, in various formulations

(gels, lozenges or mixtures) for local application, is an effective antimycotic drug for treating oral candidiasis. However the increase of resistant micro-organisms to conventional treatment is becoming a challenge, researchers are trying to identify potential drugs and alternatives treatments with better and improved therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects. Essential oils have been used for the treatment of several diseases. They possess antibacterial,antifungal, antiviral and antiseptic activities. Certain essential oils have been shown to have antifungal activity or reduce the risk of fungal infections. In this study, a selection of essential oils was made and evaluated based on their anti-candidal activity, organoleptic properties, availability and minimum inhibitory concentration for possible inclusion and formulation into the chewing gum as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Preformulation studies were conducted to identify suitable excipients and evaluate physicochemical compatibilities of the actives with selected excipients. From three placebo formulations obtained from the gum base manufacturer, preliminary development of the formulation was done. A series of formulations were developed by varying different tablet components. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) were included in the gum core both at 2% (w/w) of the MCG composition. The formula was subjected to scale-up. Produced MCG’s from the scale-up were film coated to improve stability. Finished products were subjected to post-compression evaluation including in vitro release of the API’s from the dosage form. This study proved that it is possible to develop a medicated chewing gum with a

combination of essential oils as active substances for the effective treatment of oral candidiasis.